Target Mirror Descent: A Unifying Framework for Solving Monotone Variational Inequalities

It is well known that mirror descent may diverge or cycle on merely monotone variational inequalities. In this paper, we propose Target Mirror Descent (TMD), a unified framework that stabilizes monotone flows via a target point correction mechanism in the dual update. By appropriate design choices, the TMD framework recovers the proximal point algorithm, extragradient methods, splitting methods, Brown-von Neumann-Nash dynamics, forward-backward-forward dynamics, and discounted mirror descent as special instances. Thus, we establish a unified perspective on these landmark algorithms and their convergence. Beyond unification, we leverage the TMD framework to correct an equilibrium misalignment in discounted mirror descent and to generalize its higher-order extension beyond interior solutions. Moreover, a key structural feature of TMD is the explicit decoupling of the mirror map from the target determination, which enables geometric ensembles: multiple TMD instances solve the same problem in parallel using distinct mirror maps, while sharing a common dual update. We show that such an ensemble rigorously reduces to a single TMD with a synthesized mirror map, and thus inherits these convergence guarantees.